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DEAR COLLEAGUES
MY NAME IS DR RITESH NANDKOOMAR.
I AM FROM SOUTH AFRICA AND PASSED FRCS OPHTHALMOLOGY IN
NEW DELHI IN SEPTEMBER 2013
BEFORE I DESCRIBE MY EXPERIENCE, I WOULD LIKE TO
DEDICATE MY SUCCESS TO MY WIFE ( DR KAAJAL HARIPARSAD) AND MY DARLING
CHILDREN (ADISHESHA AND SONIA).TO MY WIFE I WOULD LIKE TO SAY A BIG
THANK YOU FOR ALL THE LOVE, SUPPORT,CARING,UNDERSTANDING AND MOST
IMPORTANTLY FOR ALL THE SACRIFICES YOU HAVE MADE IN HELPING ME
ACHIEVE THIS MILESTONE. I AM FOREVER INDEBTED TO YOU.
A BIG THANK YOU IS ALSO DUE TO PROF.MUTHU FOR HIS
ONLINE UNIVERSITY AND PROF CHUA FOR THIS AMAZING WEBSITE WHICH IS A
GREAT RESOURCE FOR ANYONE ATTEMPTING THESE EXAMS.
EXAM
PREPARATION :
I RECOMMEND GIVING YOURSELF ADEQUATE PREPARATION TIME
OF AT LEAST 9 MONTHS TO A YEAR.THE VOLUME OF WORK TO BE COVERED IS
VAST AND INTENSE AND YOU WANT TO BE ABLE TO COVER IT THOUROUGHLY AND
STRESS FREE.
I USED THE 6TH EDITION OF CLINICAL
OPHTHALMOLOGY BY KANSKI AS MY CORE KNOWLEDGE.YOU MUST READ IT
THOUROUGHLY FROM COVER TO COVER.THE CHAPTER ON SYSTEMIC DISEASES IS A
MUST.
FOR THE MEDICAL EMERGENCIES OXFORD HAND BOOK OF
CLINICAL MEDICINE’S CHAPTER ON MEDICAL EMERGENCIES SHOULD SUFFICE.
I ALSO USED OPHTHALMOLOGY EXAMINATIONS REVIEW BY TIEN
WONG AS A REVISION AID A WEEK BEFORE THE EXAMS.
IF TIME PERMITS, I FOUND GOING THROUGH AS MANY OF THE
DIAGNOSTIC AND TEST YOURSELF ATLASES BY KANSKI VERY HELPFUL,
ESPECIALLY TO FAMILIARISE YOURSELF WITH PATHOLOGY THAT YOU MAY NOT
REGULARLY SEE IN YOUR EVERYDAY PRACTICE.( I WENT THROUGH 5 OF THEM)
ALSO, DON’T FORGET TO FAMILIARISE YOURSELF WITH THE
LATEST AND IMPORTANT LANDMARK TRIALS (PROF CHUA’S WEBSITE IS AN
EXCELLLENT GUIDE IN THIS REGARD)
I HIGHLY RECOMMEND ENROLLING FOR PROF MUTHU’S ONLINE
COURSE FOR THE PART 3 EXAM.IT HELPS PREPARE YOU ON HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS IN THE CORRECT MANNER
JOINING THE FRCOPHTHAL GROUP ON YAHOO GROUPS IS ALSO
HELPFUL.
I WILL NOW DESCRIBE MY EXPERIENCE OF THE EXAMS :
THE EXAM TOOK PLACE FROM 23-26 SEPTEMBER.
47 CANDIDATES APPEARED FOR THE EXAM
THE VIVA’S WERE ON THE 23 AND 24 SEPTEMBER AT SIR GANGA
RAM HOSPITAL.
THE OSCE’S WERE ON 25 AND 26 SEPTEMBER AT MOHAN EYE
INSTITUTE
THE EXAMINERS WHERE FROM THE UK,INDIA AND MIDDLE EAST.
ALL WERE VERY FRIENDLY AND HELPFUL AND VERY OBJECTIVE
IN THEIR ASSESSMENT OF YOUR PERFORMANCE
DAY 1 :
VIVA
TABLE 1 :
GENERAL MEDICINE AND NEUROLOGY
EXAMINER 1 : PHYSICIAN:
QUESTION 1 : YOUR 1ST PATIENT ON THE
OPERATION SLATE HAS BEEN CANCELLED BY THE ANAESTHETIST BECAUSE OF
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND WHAT
IS YOUR MANAGEMENT?
ANSWER : TAKE DETAILED HISTORY FROM PATIENT.EXAMINE THE
PULSE OF THE PATIENT.BLOODS FOR FBC,U&E,THYROID FUNCTION,CARDIAC
ENZYMES,DRUG LEVELS,ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES.CHEST X-RAY,ECG,ECHO.STABILISE
PATIENT.MANAGE ANY ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES.REFER TO
PHYSICIAN/CARDIOLOGIST FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT EG
CARDIOVERSION EITHER D.C CARDIOVERSION OR USE OF DRUGS LIKE
DIGOXIN,VERAPAMIL ETC
QUESTION 2: 60 YEAR OLD MALE PATIENT ADMITTED IN YOUR
WARD FOR CATARACT SURGERY COMPLAINS OF COUGH AND DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING.YOU DO A CHEST X-RAY WHICH REVEALS CAVITATORY LUNG DISEASE.
WHAT IS YOUR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND HOW WOULD YOU MANAGE FURTHER?
ANSWER : 2 MOST IMPORTANT CONDITIONS ARE TUBERCULOSIS
AND BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA.
FOR TB WORK UP ONE NEEDS TO TAKE SPUTUM SAMPLES FOR AFB
AND MCS. IF POSITIVE ,ONE NEEDS TO START TREATMENT WITH 4 DRUGS FOR 2
MONTHS (RIFAMPICIN,ISONIAZID,ETHAMBUTOL AND PYRIZINAMIDE) THEN 2 DRUGS
FOR 4 MONTHS (RIFAMPACIN AND ETHAMBUTOL). CHECK RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
ON CHEST X RAY.
FOR BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA : BRONCHOD=SCOPY,BIOPSY,
REFERRAL TO CARDIOTHORACIC SURGEON
QUESTION 3 :65 YEAR OLD PATIENT COMPLAINS OF SUDDEN
BLACKOUT OF VISION WHICH RECOVERS.WHAT IS THIS CALLED? AND WHAT MAY BE
THE UNDERLYING PATHOLOGY?
ANSWER : AMAUROSIS FUGAX / TIA.
CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE,ARTHEROSCLEROSIS,CALCIFIC OR
CHOLESTEROL EMBOLI,EMBOLI FROM PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES,
EXAMINER 2 : OPHTHALMOLOGIST
QUESTION 1 : IDENTIFY A PICTURE OF PERIPHERAL CORNEAL
ULCER.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS? IF THE PATIENT REPORTS NOSE
BLEEDS AS WELL, WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
ANSWER : PERIPHERAL ULCERATIVE KERATITIS,CONNECTIVE
DISEASE,MOORENS ULCER
WEGENERS GRANULOMATOSIS
QUESTION 2: IDENTIFY A PICTURE OF A FUNDUS WITH
MULTIPLE BRUSH-FIRE HAEMORRHAGES AND COTTAGE CHEESE EXUDATES.WHAT IS
THE DIAGNOSIS? WHAT IS THE UNDERLYING SYSTEMIC DISEASE? HOW WOULD YOU
MANAGE THE EYE PROBLEM? HOW WOULD YOU MANAGE THE UNDERLYING MEDICAL
PROBLEM? WHAT IS YOUR CONCERN ONCE TREATMENT IS INITIATED AND RESPONSE
TO TREATMENT IS NOTED?
ANSWER : CMV RETINITIS
UNDERLYING DISEASE : HIV & AIDS
CONCERN : IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION SYNDROME AND
REACTIVATION OF INFECTION
TABLE 2 :
OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE
EXAMINER 1 :
QUESTION 1 : PICTURE OF PURULENT CONJUNCTIVAL
DISCHARGE. WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT?
ANSWER : BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS EG CHLAMYDIA OR
NEISSERIA.
TAKE HISTORY INCLUDING HISTORY OF STI/STD
TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS
REFER TO GENITO URINARY CLINIC IF STI SUSPECTED
QUESTION 2 : PICTURE OF WHITE DANDRUFF LIKE MATERIAL
AT PUPILLARY ZONE. WHAT IS THE DIAGNOSIS? WHAT IS YOUR MANAGEMENT
?WHAT PRECAUTIONS WOULD YOU TAKE PRIOR TO CATARACT SURGERY?
ANSWER : PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME.CHECK IOP.IF PEX
GLAUCOMA PRESENT, THEN START THERAPY FOR GLAUCOMA EG TOPICAL B
–BLOCKERS OR PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOUGES.IN CATARACT SURGERY ONE NEEDS TO
MAKE SURE PUPIL IS ADEQUATELY DILATED AND ALSO BE WARY OF ZONULAR
WEAKNESS AND ITS ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS
QUESTION 3 : IDENTIFY A PICTURE OF COBBLESTONE PAPPILAE
IN UPPER LID IN A YOUNG PATIENT COMPLAINING OF ITCHY EYES.WHAT IS YOUR
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT ?
ANSWER : VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS.PREVENT EXCESSIVE
UV EXPOSURE.USE OF SUNGLASSES AND WIDE BRIMMED HATS. TOPICAL
SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT EG ANTIHISTAMINES,MAST CELL STABILISERS,WEAK
STEROIDS ETC
EXAMINER 2 :
QUESTION 1 : IDENTIFY A FUNDUS PHOTO OF MULTIPLE
HAEMORRHAGES,EXUDATES AND DISC OEDEMA.WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS? HOW DO
YOU CLASSIFY THIS AND ON WHAT BASIS? HOW DO YOU MANAGE THIS PATIENT?
WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS?
ANSWER : CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
ISCHAEMIC VS NON ISCHAEMIC ON FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN
ANGIOGRAPHY-LOOK FOR AREAS OF CAPILLARY NON PERFUSION.
FOLLOW UP EVERY 4 WEEKS.LOOK FOR NEOVASCULARISATION AS
HIGHEST RISK OF DEVELOPING NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA AT 100 DAYS.
IF INITIAL VA >6/60 AND NO ISCHAEMIA PRESENT HTEN
PROGNOSIS IS GOOD.IF PRSENTING VA < 6/60 AND ISCHAEMIA PRESENT THEN
PROGNOSIS GUARDED
QUESTION 2 : FORTY YEAR OLD LADY COMES IN COMPLAING OF
SEVERE FOREIGN BODY SENSATION AND TEARING IN BOTH EYES.WHAT DO YOU
THINK IS WRONG? HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE THIS CONDITION? HOW DO YOU MANAGE?
DRY EYE SYNDROME.SCHIRMER’S TEST,TEAR BREAK - UP TIME,
STAIN WITH ROSE BENGAL.EXAMINER THEN HAD A DISCUSSION OF ALL THE DYES
WE USE IN OPHTHALMOLOGY.
MX : STEP WISE APPROACH - HUMDIDFY
ENVIRONMENT.MOISTURE CHAMBER GOGGLES.ARTIFICIAL TEARS.PUNCTAL
OCCLUSION AS A FINAL RESORT.TRY TEMPORARY PUNCTAL PLUGS FIRST TO GAUGE
IMPROVEMENT.HAD A DISCUSSION ON HOW TO UTILISE PUNTAL OCCLUSION.ALSO
MENTIONED TO RULE OUT CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISESAE AS A CAUSE.ALS
DISCUSSED VALUE OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE
QUESTION 3 : PICTURE OF FUNDUS PHOTO.ASKED FOR SPOT
DIAGNOSIS AND WHAT SYMPTOM MAY PATIENT PRESENT WITH IF CHOROIDAL
NEOVASCULARISATION IS PRESENT?
ANSWER : ANGIOID STREAKS. METAMORPHOPSIA
TABLE 3 :
OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
EXAMINER 1:
QUESTION 1 : 60 YEAR OLD WHITE MALE PATIENT WITH
HISTORY OF CHRONIC SUN EXPOSURE PRESENTS WITH THIS LESION ON HIS
LOWER LID (SHOWN PHOTO OF LESION).WHAT IS THIS LESION AND THE
DIAGNOSIS?HOW WOULD YOU MANAGE
ANSWER : RODENT ULCER. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA.EXCISION
BIOPSY AND PRIMARY CLOSURE.IF LARGER LESION, NEED TO COMPLETE EXCISION
AND LID RECONSTRUCTION.THEN DISCUSSED FROZEN SECTION AND MOH’S
MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY.ALSO DISCUSSED USE OF ADJUNCTIVE RADIOTHERAPY AND
CHEMOTHERAPY
QUESTION 2 :50 YEAR OLD FEMALE PATIENT PREESENTS TO YOU
1 MONTH AFTER CATARACT SURGERY AND COMPLAINS OF DECREASED VISION.WHAT
IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS AND HOW WOULD YOU CONFIRM IT?
CYSTOID MACULAR OEDEMA. Fluorescein angiogram and oct
QUESTION 3 : THE SAME PATIENT NOW PRESENTS A YEAR LATER
COMPLAINING OF SEEING FLASHES OF LIGHT FOLLOWED BY LOSS OF VISION IN A
CURTAIN LIKE MANNER INVOLVING CENTRAL VISION.WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
HOW WOULD YOU CONFIRM? WHAT ARE THE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS?
ANSWER :RETINAL DETACHMENT WITH MACULA OFF. WILL DO
DILATED FUNDUS EXAM WITH INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY.ALSO DISCUSSED
LINCOFF’S RULES AND USE OF ULTRASOUND.
MX : DISCUSSED SCLERAL BUCKLING , PPV WITH ENDOLASER/CRYO
AND PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY. HAD IN DEPTH QUESTIONING ON EACH TECHNIQUE
AND WAS ASKED TO HIGHLIGHT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH.
QUESTION 4 : IDENTIFY THIS LENS ?
ANSWER : GOLDMANN 3 MIRROR LENS
QUESTION 5 : WHAT IS THE DOME SHAPED LENS USED FOR ?
ANSWER : GONIOSCOPY
QUESTION 6 : HOW DO YOU GRADE THE ANGLE ON GONIOSCOPY ?
ANSWER : DISCUSSED SHAEFFER AND SPAETH GRADING SYSTEMS
EXAMINER 2 :
QUESTION 1 : 3 YEAR OLD CHILD BROUGHT TO YOU BY PARENT
COMPLAINING OF EYES BEING TURNED IN TOWARDS NOSE .SOMETIMES RIGHT EYE
STRAIGHT AND OTHER TIMES LEFT EYE IS STRAIGHT.HOW DO YOU APPROACH AND
MANAGE THIS CASE?
ANSWER :DISCUSSED APPROACH TO ALTERNATING ESOTROPIA,
INCLUDING CYCLOPLEGIC REFRACTION, USE OF BOTOX AND SURGERY
QUESTION 2 : WHAT ARE THE SURGICAL OPTIONS AVAILABLE
TO TREAT SQUINT IN THIS CASE?
ANSWER : BILATERAL MEDIAL RECTUS RECESSION ,
IPSILATERAL MEDIAL RECTUS RECESSION AND LATERAL RECTUS RESECTION,
BILATERAL RECTUS RESECTION.ALSO DISCUSSED HOW MANY MILLIMETRES OF
RESECTION/RECESSION CORRECTS HOW MANY DEGREES/PRISM DIOPTRES OF SQUINT
QUESTION 3 : WHAT NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT MIGHT YOU
CONSIDER?
ANSWER : REFRACTION IF ACCOMMODATIVE ESOTROPIA. BOTOX
CAN BE TRIED.
QUESTION 4: WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF SQUINT
SURGERY?
ANSWER : DIVIDED IT INTO PRE – OPERATIVE,
INTRA-OPERATIVE, EARLY POST-OPERATIVE AND LATE POSTOPERATIVE.IMPORTANT
POINTS OF DISCUSSION WERE OCULO-CARDIAC REFLEX,SCLERAL
PERFORATION,SLIPPED MUSCLE , OVER/UNDER CORRECTION AND ENDOPHTHALMITIS
QUESTION 5: WHAT IS THIS ? (SHOWN A PICTURE OF A
FIBROVASCULAR GROWTH ARISING FROM CONJUNCTIVA AND ENCROACHING ONTO
CORNEA)
ANSWER : PTERYGIUM
QUESTION 6 : HOW DO YOU GRADE THIS CONDITION ?
ANSWER : GRADE 1-3. GRADE 1-GROWTH EXTENDS TO
LIMBUS.GRADE 2-EXTEND BEYOND LIMBUS ONTO CORNEA. GRADE 3 –INVOLVES
VISUAL AXIS
QUESTION 7 : WHAT IS YOUR MANAGEMENT OF THIS CONDITION
?
ANSWER : GRADE 1 : CONSERVATIVE – SUNGLASSES,UV
PROTECTION,WIDE BRIM HATS.ARTIFICIAL TEARS,WEAK TOPICAL STEROIDS ETC.
GRADE 2 AND 3 : CONSIDER SURGERY AUGMENTED WITH MITOMYCIN C,
CONJUNCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT, AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE ETC
DAY 2 : DAY OFF
DAY 3 : OSCE
STATION 1 : POSTERIOR SEGMENT
EXAMINER 1
1ST CASE : DO INDIRECT FUNDUS EXAM ON SLIT
LAMP OF 65 YR OLD FEMALE PATIENT.WHAT IS YOUR FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS ?
HOW DO YOU MANAGE?
ANSWER : I USED MY VOLK DIGITAL HI-MAG LENS TO EXAMINE
FUNDUS (THIS IS AN EXCELLENT LENS AS IT COMBINES THE FIELD OF VIEW OF
A 90D AND MAGNIFICATION OF 78D INTO 1 LENS).PATIENT HAD BILATERAL
PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY WITH SIGNIFICANT NEOVASCULARIZATION
AT DISC.DISCUSSED ROLE OF ARGON LASER PAN-RETINAL PHOTO-COAGULATION AS
WELL ASA ANTI-VEG FAGENTS.
2NDCASE : EXAMINE , USING SLIT LAMP, THE
RIGHT FUNDUS OF 52 YR OLD MAN WHO UNDERWENT RECENT SURGERY AND NOW
COMPLAINS OF POOR VISION. WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
ANSWER :I AGAIN USED MY HI MAG LENS. ON QUICK ANT
SEGMENT EXAM I MENTIONED PATIENT HAD CATARACT SURGERY AND IOL
IMPLANT.FUNDUS EXAM REVEALED CYSTOID MACULA OEDEMA.DISCUSSION THEN
CENTRED ON MANAGEMENT OF MACULAR OEDEMA
EXAMINER 2:
3RDCASE :USING
SLIT LAMP, EXAMINE THE LEFT FUNDUS OF THIS PATIENT,DESCRIBING WHAT
YOU SEE AT MACULA.WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS ? HOW WOULD YOU CONFIRM IT?
HOW DO YOU MANAGE?
ANSWER : LOSS OF NORMAL ARCHITECTURE AND TORTUOSITY OF
VESSELS.SAID IT WAS EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE.CONFIRM WITH OCT AND
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAM.WAS SHOWN RESULTS OF BOTH THESE INVESTIGATIONS
WHICH CONFIRMED DIAGNOSIS OF EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE.SAID I WOULD PROCEED
WITH PPV AND MEMBRANE PEEL.ASKED IF THERE WAS ANYTHING I WOULD DO AT
TIME OF SURGERY PRIOR TO MEMBRANE PEEL? I SAID YES,WOULD LIKE TO STAIN
MEMBRANE WITH TRIAMCINOLONE OR LISSAMINE GREEN. EXAMINER WAS PLEASED
4THCASE : USE INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE AND
20D LENS TO EXAMINE RIGTH FUNDUS OF THIS PATIENT.DESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE
AS YOU EXAMINE.WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
ANSWER : PATIENT HAD NUMEROUS DOT-BLOT AND FLAMED
SHAPED HAEMORRHAGES AND EXUDATES IN SUPERIOR TEMPORAL
QUADRANT.DIAGNOSED AS BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION.
STATION 2 : NEURO OPHTALMOLOGY AND OCULAR MOTILITY
EXAMINER 1:
1ST CASE:
EXAMINE THIS 7 YR OLD CHILD’S OCULAR
MOTILITY,DESCRIBING WHAT YOU FIND AS YOU CONDUCT EXAM.WHAT IS YOUR
DIAGNOSIS?
ANSWER : PT HAD LIMITED ABDUCTION,NORMAL ADDUCTION,
NARROWING OF PALPEBRAL FISSURE AND GLOBE RETRACTION. MADE DIAGNOSIS OF
DUANE’S SYNDROME TYPE 1.EXAMINER WAS HAPPY.
EXAMINER 2 :
2NDCASE :EXAMINE
THIS TEENAGER USING DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE.DESCRIBE YOUR FINDINGS.
ANSWER : PATIENT HAD HORIZONTAL PENDULAR NYSTAGMUS,
KERATOCONUS (HAD THINNING OF CORNEA, MUNSON’S SIGN, RIZZUTI’S SIGN AND
OIL DROP RED REFLEX) AND RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA ( HAD TYPICAL BONE
SPICULE PIGMENTATION OF FUNDUS).DISCUSSION THEN FOCUSED ON
DIAGNOSIS,CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF KERATOCONUS AND ROLE OF
COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING IN PARTICULAR
STATION 3 : OCULOPLASTICS AND ORBIT
EXAMINER 1 :
1STCASE :OBSERVE
THIS ELDERLY GENTLEMAN.WHAT DO YOU SEE ? HOW DO YOU CLASSIFY THIS
CONDITION ? WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO TEST ? WHAT ARE YOUR MANGEMENT
OPTIONS?
ANSWER : ENTROPION OF LOWER LIDS. CLASSIFY AS
INVOLUTIONAL,SPASTIC,CICATRICIAL AND MECHANICAL ENTROPION.HORIZONTAL
LID LAXITY AND VERTICAL LID STABILITY.DISCUSSED CONSERVATIVE AND
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OPTIONS.
EXAMINER 2 :
2NDCASE :EXAMINE
THIS 20 YEAR OLD PATIENT.WHAT IS ON THE CONJUNCTIVA ? WHAT DO YOU FIND
ON HIS UPPER LID? WHAT IS THE UNDERLYING DEFICIENCY AND THE NAME OF
THIS CONDITION.WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE AETIOLOGICAL AGENT?
ANSWER : BITOT’S SPOT-SCARRING-ARLT’S
LINE.CONJUNCTIVAL XEROSIS DUE TO VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY FOLLOWING
TRACHOMA.CAUSED BY CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS SEROVARS A-D.THEN DISCUSSED
TREATMENT OF TRACHOMA AS WELL AS DIFFERENT WAYS OF SUPPLEMENTING
VITAMIN A
STATION 4 : ANTERIOR SEGMENT
EXAMINER 1 :
1STCASE :EXAMINE
THIS YOUNG PATIENT’S ANT SEGMENT. WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS?
ANSWER: PATIENT HAS MARFAN’S SYNDROME WITH SUBLUXED
LENS
2ND CASE :EXAMINE
THE RIGHT EYE OF THIS PATIENT USING TORCH. WHAT DO YOU SEE? WHAT IS
DIAGNOSIS?
ANSWER : PATIENT HAD A FILTERING BLEB AND PERIPHERAL
IRIDECTOMY DONE FOR GLAUCOMA. DISCUSSION THEN FOCUSSED ON MANAGEMENT
OF POAG
EXAMINER 2
:
1STCASE :PATIENT WITH FIBROVASCULAR GROWTH
IN LEFT EYE EXTENDING ONTO CORNEA. DIAGNOSE AND DISCUSS
ANSWER : PTERYGIUM.THEN DISCUSSED GRADING AND
MANAGEMENT.
GOOD LUCK !!! TO ALL CANDIDATES
I HOPE THIS IS OF SOME HELP TO YOU. I AM HAPPY TO
ASSIST ANYONE WHO ATTEMPTS TO TAKE THIS EXAM IN ANY WAY I CAN. YOU CAN
EMAIL ME :rnandkoomar@yahoo.co.uk
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