Test 16 (anatomy of the head and neck)

1. The parotid gland:

a. is covered by a true capsule

b. contains the final bifurcation of the external carotid artery within its 
    glandular tissue

c. open into the oral cavity via a duct at the level of the first upper 
    molar tooth

d. contains the facial nerve which divides into five branches within its 
    glandular tissue

e. is a mainly serous salivary gland

Answera.T   b.T   c.F   d.T   e.T
The duct opens into the oral cavity at the second molar tooth.
 

2. The submandibular gland:

a. contains parasympathetic supply from the facial nerve

b. overlies the hyoglossal nerve

c. is a mainly serous salivary gland

d. develops as a tubular endodermal outgrowth from the floor of the 
    mouth

e. has the facial artery passes over its superior surface.

Answera.T   b.T   c.F   d.T   e.T
The gland is a mixed salivary gland.
 
 

3. The thyroid gland:

a. overlies the 5th to 7th tracheal rings

b. has the recurrent laryngeal nerves running in close proximity to the 
    inferior thyroid arteries

c. is supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery

d. develops from the junction between the anterior two-thirds and 
    posterior one-third of the tongue

e. moves upwards along with the larynx during swallowing.

Answera.F   b.T   c.F   d.T   d.T
The gland lies over the 3rd-5th tracheal rings.
It is supplied by branches of the external carotid artery via the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
(Note: the middle thyroid artery does not exist).
 

4. Regarding the autonomic ganglia in the head and neck:

a. the nervus intermedius provides parasympathetic component for 
    both the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

b. the sympathetic fibres to the dilator pupillae muscle arise from the 
    upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord

c. the lacrimal gland receives its parasympathetic fibres via the 
    pterygopalatine ganglion.

d. there are five parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck

e. all the parasympathetic ganglia receive a sensory root from one 
    one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve.
 

Answera.T   b.T   c.T   d.F   e.T
There are four parasympathetic ganglia in the head and neck and they all receive branches from the trigeminal nerve.
The mnemonic below is useful:
C at  - ciliary ganglion
Prefers - pterygopalatine ganglion
Sexy - submandibular ganglion
Owners - otic ganglion.
 

5. The temperomandibular joint:

a. is a ball and socket joint

b. has the chorda tympani as the posterior relationship

c. has the tendon of the lateral pterygoid muscle attached to the joint 
    capsule and the neck of the mandible

d. is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve

e. is most stable with the teeth occluded

Answera.F   b.T   c.T   d.T   e.T
It is a synovial joint o the condyloid variety.
 
 

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