Test 99   (pharmacology)

1. Atropine:

a. blocks nicotinic acethylcholine receptors

b. dries bronchial and salivary secretion

c. diminishes the risk of vagal cardiac arrest

d. is used to avoid unwanted side effects of neostigmine

e. causes loss of accommodation

Answera.F   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Atropine is useful in general anaesthesia for drying 
bronchial and salivary secretion and reduces the risk of vagal cardiac arrest.
It blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

2. Propanolol:

a. can lower the intraocular pressure if taken orally

b. has a high solubility

c. stabilizes cell membrane

d. has partial agonist activity

e. can mask hypoglycaemia induced by insulin

Answera.T   b.T   c.T   d.F  e.TIt can be used to treat cardiac arrhythmias due to its membrane stabilizing property.
It has no partial agonist activity.

3. The following cytotoxic drugs are alkylating agents:

a. chlorambucil

b. cyclophosphamide

c. vinblastine

d. 6-mercaptopurine

e. cyclosporine

Answera.T   b.T  c.T  d.F  e.F
6-mercaptopurine is an antimetabolite that interferes with nucleic acid synthesis.
Vinblastine arrests cell in metaphase of mitosis.
Cyclosporin acts on the T cells.

4. Warfarin:

a. has a higher molecular weight than heparin

b. is metabolized chiefly by liver

c. acts within 24 hours of administration

d. interferes with the production of factor II, VII, IX and X

e. its control is based on the prothrombin time

Answera.F  b.T  c.F  d.T  e.T
It has a lower molecular weight than heparin and 
can cross the placenta. Therefore, heparin is used in pregnancy.
It acts 48 to 72 hours following administration.

5. P450:

a. is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes

b. is involved in phase I metabolism

c. is induced by phenytoin

d. is inhibited by cimetidine

c. induction of P450 reduces the effect of warfarin

Answera.T  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
It is involved in oxidation and reduction ie. the first phase of metabolism.

 
 

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