Test 97   (physiology)

1. The following occur in untreated insulin dependent diabetes mellitus:

a. diuresis

b. decreased plasma amino acid

c. increased plasma fatty acid

d. ketonuria

e. increased plasma cholesterol

Answera.T   b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
Deficiency of insulin increases the catabolism 
of protein and therefore the plasma amino acid is increased.

2. Glucocorticoid causes an increase of:

a. red blood cells

b. lymphocytes

c. eosinophils

d. platelets

e. neutrophils

Answera.T   b.F   c.F   d.T  e.T
Eosinophil and neutrophil numbers are decreased in the presence of glucocorticoids.

3. Angiotensin II:

a. is an octapeptide

b. is produced mainly in the lungs

c. causes thirst

d. stimulates the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone

e. causes an increase in blood pressure

Answera.T   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
It also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

4. Carbon dioxide in blood:

a. is more soluble than oxygen

b. is carried in combination with plasma

c. carries mainly as bicarbonate ions

d. is hydrated mainly in the plasma

e. is transported mainly in the red blood cells

Answera.T  b.T  c.T  d.F  e.F
The plasma contains no carbonic anhydrase. The carbon 
dioxide is hydrated mainly in the red blood cells. There the bicarbonates are formed and diffuse out to plasma in exchange for chloride ions (chloride shift).
Two third of carbon dioxide are transported in plasma as bicarbonate ions.

5. In the human kidney:

a. renal plasma flow is normally 660 ml/minute

b. blood flow in the cortex is greater than that in the 
    medulla

c. resorption of ions and water occurs mainly in the distal 
    convoluted tubules

d. anti-diuretic hormone increases water resorption mainly
    in the distal convoluted tubules

c. the renal blood flow is decreased in dehydration

Answera.T  b.T  c.F  d.F  e.TThe renal blood flow is about 1.2 litre per minute (660 ml/minute for plasma).
Resorption of ions and water occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubules.
The action of ADH is mainly on the collecting tubules.

 
 

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