Test 207 (Microbiology)

1. The following are live vaccines:

a.       measles vaccine

b.       diphtheria

c.       hepatitis B vaccine

d.       tetanus

e.       mumps vaccines

 
Answera.T  b.F  c.F  d.F  e.T
Measles, mumps, rubella and oral polio vaccine.l
l

2. The following are true about hepatitis B:

a. babies born to HBe Ag +ve mothers should receive
    active and passive immunization at birth.

b. according to current DHSS guidelines, all health 
    workers should receive hepatitis B anti-body

c. co-infection with delta virus is commoner in intravenous
    drug abusers than homosexuals.

d. super-infection with delta virus causes a clinical
    deterioration.

e. it is the major underlying cause of hepatocellular 
    carcinoma.
 

Answera.T  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Mother who is HBe Ag +ve is highly infectious and may pass on the disease to the newborn. Immunization is recommended. 

3. Regarding Staphylococcal epidermidis:

a. it is coagulase positive

b. appearing as Gram positive cocci in chains

c. are usually sensitive to penicillin

d. grown in blood cultures are due to contamination and 
    should be ignored

e.  it can be destroyed by povodine iodine

 
Answer
a.F   b.F  c.F  d.F  e.T
It is coagulase negative and appears as Gram positive cocci in bunches (not in chains). They are usually insensitive to penicillin. Although it is a common contaminant in blood culture, it can 
be a cause of line infection such as central venous line. Iodine is effective in destroying the organisms.
 

. 4. In patients with congenital rubella:

a. the incidence of ocular involvement increases if the 
    mother was infected early rather than late into the 
    pregnancy

b. buphthalmos is a common feature 

c. there is an increased incidence of keratoconus in later
    life

d. rubella virus can be isolated from the pharynx up to 18 
    months of age

e. acyclovir is effective in reducing the severity of organ 
    damage
 

Answer
a.T  b.F  c.T  d.T  e.F
Infection in early trimester is isolated with increased handicap. The eyes of congenital rubella is usually small although glaucoma may be present. Diagnosis can be made by isolation of virus from the pharynx. There is no treatment and the virus does not respond to acyclovir.

.
.

5. CMV retinitis:

a. is caused by a DNA virus

b. is seen only in patients who are HIV positive

c. is associated with low CD8 counts

d. causes full thickness retinal necrosis

e. can be treated with intravitreal ganciclovir

 
Answer
a.T   b.F  c.F  d.T  e.T
CMV is a herpesvirus. It is seen in AIDS patients 
and also immunosuppressed patients such as those
on immunosuppressant following transplantation. A low CD4 count is common. 

 

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