Test 196  (Physiology)

1. The following may cause an elevated blood urea:

a. renal disease

b. steroid therapy

c. dehydration

d. pregnancy

e. tetracycline therapy

 
Answera.T   b.T  c.T   d.F  e.T
The blood urea is decreased in pregnancy due to increased glomerular filtration rate.

2. The following occur in response to a major surgery:

a. increased potassium loss

b. increased protein breakdown

c. increased peripheral glucose uptake

d. sodium and water retention

e. decreased lipogenesis

 

Answera.T  b.T  c.F  d.T  e.T
The following occur in response to a major surgery:
sodium and water retention
potassium loss
decreased peripheral glucose uptake
increased protein breakdown
increased gluconeogenesis
increased glycogenolysis
increased lipolysis

 
 

3. Hyperventilation causes:
 

a. an alkaline urine

b. a fall in the plasma bicarbonate concentration

c. increased cardiac output

d. increased free serum calcium ions

e. tetany

 
Answer
a.T   b.T  c.T  d.F  e.T
There is a renal compensation for the respiratory 
alkalaemia resulting in an alkaline urine containing 
bicarbonate. The cardiac output is increased. 
The free serum calcium ions are decreased and
this accounts for the tetany.

 

. 4. Bradycardiac can occur in response to:

a. elevated intraocular pressure

b. ocular massage

c. pulling of the extraocular muscle

d. use of topical atropine

e. intravenous edrophonium (Tensilon test)

Answer
a.T  b.T  c.T  d.F  e.T
Oculocardiac reflex can cause bradycardia. Atropine increases the heart rate and intravenous edrophonium 
increases the concentration of acetylcholine at the 
synaptic junction which in turn causes bradycardiac.

5. The following are true about the Troxler's phenomenon:

a. it refers to disappearance of an image during steady 
    fixation of another object

b. it only occurs in the peripheral retina

c. eye movement eliminates this phenomenon

d. movement of the object eliminates this phenomenon

e. the visual acuity is reduced

 
Answer
a.T   b.F  c.T  d.T  e.F
In Troxler's phenomenon, an image in the periphery 
of the retina then to fade and then disappearduring steady fixation of another object. This is rarely observed due to eye movement. Movement of the object also 
eliminates this phenomenon. The phenomenon also occurs in the central vision.

 

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