Test 168  (General physiology)

1. Antidiuretic hormone:

a. decreases the osmolarity of urine

b. decreases the volume of urine

c. increases the reabsorption of water in the proximal 
    tubules

d. is synthesized in the posterior pituitary gland

e. is secreted as part of the stress response
 

Answera.F   b.T  c.F   d.F  e.T
Anti diuretic hormone decreases the volume of urine and increases the tonicity of the urine by increasing the reabsorption of water in the distal tubules and the collecting ducts.
It is synthesized in the forebrain and transported to the posterior pituitary gland where it is secreted.
 
 

2. Insulin secretion:

a. is inhibited by atropine

b. is increased by vagal stimulation

c. is inhibited by amino acids

d. is stimulated by beta agonists

e. is greater with intravenous glucose than oral glucose
 

Answera.T  b.T  c.F  d.F  e.F
Insulin secretion is increased by amino acids. Beta agonists increases glucagon secretion. Oral glucose has a greater effect than intravenous glucose on insulin release.
 
 

3. Prolactin secretion:

a. is higher in female than male

b. is inhibited by dopamine

c. is increased in patients taking phenothiazines

d. is maximal at night time

e. if excessive causes amenorrhea
 

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T

 

. 4. Melatonin: 

a. is secreted by pineal body

b. secretion is highest at night

c. secretion is inhibited by light

d. suppresses gonadal function

e. is a hypnotic when given orally
 

Answer
a.T  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Light inhibits the enzyme HIOMT 
(hydoxyido-O-methyltransferase)  needed for melatonin production.
.

5. Cortisol:

a. increases the circulating lymphocytes

b. increases the circulating eosinophils

c. decreases the production of prostaglandins 

d. inhibits the production of fibroblasts

e. increases the effect of glucagon 
 

Answer
a.T   b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
Cortisol decreases the circulating eosinophils. 

 

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