Test 149  (Pharmacology)

1. The following are alkylating agents:

a. azathioprine

b. methotrexate

c. cyclosporine 

d. cyclophosphamide

e. chlorambucil
 

Answer
a.F   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.T
Cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil are alkylating agents.

2. Drugs effective against CMV retinitis include:

a. acyclovir

b. cidofovir

c. fomivirsen sodium

d. rifabutin

e. sulphonamides
 

Answer
a.F   b.T   c.T  d.F  e.F
The four drugs currently available against CMV retinitis are: cidofovir, foscanet, ganciclovir and fomivirsen sodium.

3. Regarding brimonidine:

a. it is an a1 adrenergic antagonist

b. it increases uveoscleral outflow

c. tachyphylaxis is a common problem with long-term use

d. it is more effective than b1 antagonist in lowering 
    intraocular pressure

e. it causes apnea in infants
 

Answera.F  b.T  c.F  d.T  e.F
Brimonidine is an alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist. 
It decreases aqueous production as well as increases 
uveoscleral outflow. Unlike apraclonidine, tachyphylaxis
is not a common problem. It is more effective than beta1 antagonists but less effective than the non-selective beta agonists in lowering the intraocular pressure .

4. The following are true about latanoprost :

a. it can reduce the intraocular pressure by 38% with 
    once-daily dosing

b. twice-daily dosing is less effective than once-daily 
    dosing in lowering the intraocular pressures

c. it increases the thickness of the eyelashes

d. it causes reactivation of ocular herpes simplex

e. it increases the number of melanocytes in iris

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.F
Twice-daily dosing is less efficacious than once-daily 
dosing dosing. The reason for this is unclear. It increases the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes. It makes the eyelashes thicker, darker and longer.

 

5. The pairing of the following drugs and their side-effects are correct:

a. rifabutin - uveitis

b. clindamycin - pernicious anaemia

c. cyclosporin - bone marrow suppression

d. methotrexate -hepatic fibrosis

e. cyclophosphamide - bladder carcinoma
 

Answer
a.T   b.F  c.F   d.T  e.T
The most important complication of clindamycin 
is pseudomembraneous colitis. Cyclosporin does not cause bone marrow suppression.

 

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