Test 144  (Physiology)

1. Vasodilators produced by the endothelium include:

a. endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

b. nitric oxide (NO)

c. prostacyclin (PGL2)

d. endothelin

e. thromboxane (TXA2) 

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.T   d.F   e.F
Endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) 
is also called the nitric oxide (NO). Together 
with prostacylin they are vasodilator produced 
by the endothelium. Endothelin and thromboxane are vasoconstrictor.

2. Actions of angiotensin II include:

a. increases the release of aldosterone

b. reduces renin release from the kidney

c. vasodilatation

d. promotes microalbuminuria

e. increases plasminogen activator

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.F   d.T  e.T
Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor.

3. The following cranial nerves contain parasympathetic outflow 
    arising at the brain stem:

a. optic nerve

b. oculomotor nerve

c. trigeminal nerve

d. facial nerve

e. glossopharyngeal nerve

Answera.F  b.T  c.F  d.T  e.F
Parasympathetic outflow is found in cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X

4. In a normal nephron:

a. the descending loop of Henle is impermeable to water

b. anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) increases the permeability 
    of collecting ducts to water

c. all the filtered glucose is re-absorbed in the proximal 
    tubule

d. nearly all the filtered protein is reabsorbed in the 
    proximal convoluted tubule

e. the Na+ and K+/H+ exchange in the distal tubule 
    is controlled by anti-diuretic hormone

Answer
a.F   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.F
The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
The sodium and potassium/hydrogen ions in the distal tubule is controlled by aldosterone.

5. Sudden assumption of an upright position from supine position causes an initial decrease in::

a. cardiac output

b. heart rate

c. cerebral blood flow

d. total peripheral resistance

e. the stimulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

 
Answer
a.T   b.F  c.T   d.F  e.F
The consequences are: venous pooling, reduced 
cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance, 
decreased cerebral blood flow, tachycardia and an 
increase in the stimulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

 

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