Test 140  (Pharmacology)

1. Pupil dilatation occurs with:

a. neostigmine

b. cocaine

c. atenolol

d. codeine

e. ganglion blocker
 

Answer
a.F   b.T   c.F   d.F   e.F
Neostigmine inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine and is therefore a parasympathomimetic and causes miosis.
Opiates such as codeine stimulate Edinger-Westphal 
nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and causes miosis. 
Atenolol acts as a competitive antagonist at beta 
adrenoreceptors and has no effect on the pupil size which is innervated by alpha-1 receptors. Cocaine 
inhibits re-uptake of noradrenaline at nerve endings and this sympathomimetic effect causes pupillary dilatation. Ganglion blockers cause pupil dilatation.

2. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes:

a. optic atrophy

b. papilloedema

c. centrocecal scotoma

d. loss of position sense

e. microcytic anaemia

Answer
a.F   b.F   c.T   d.T  e.F
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes subacute combined 
degeneration of the cord and optic atrophy. 
The anaemia is characterized by macrocytosis.

3. The effect of glucagon include:

a. ketogenesis

b. glycogenolysis

c. gluconeogenesis

d. lypolysis

e. positive inotropic effect

Answera.T  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
The force of myocardium contraction is increased ie. positive inotropic effect in the presence of glucagon.

4. Cytochrome P450 is:

a. involves in phase I metabolic reactions

b. found in lysosomes

c. found in hepatocytes

d. found in mitochondria

e. induced in patient taking cimetidine

Answer
a.T   b.F  c.T  d.F  e.F
P450 is involves in phase I metabolic reactions
such as oxidation and reduction. It is found in 
the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. It is inhibited in patients on cimetidine.

5. Balance salt solution (BSS) used in cataract surgery contains:

a. mannitol

b. calcium chloride

c. magnesium chloride

d. acetate

e. vancomycin

 
Answer
a.F   b.T  c.T   d.T   e.F
The solution contains sodium chloride, potassium 
chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, acetate and citrate.

 

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