Test 134  (Pathology)

1.  The following are used in grading a tumour:

a. mitotic index

b. necrosis

c. differentiation

d. nodal spread

e. calcification
 

Answer
a.T   b.F   c.T   d.T   e.F

2. The following changes in the arterioles occurs in benign 
     hypertension:

a. narrowing of the vessel lumen

b. hyaline wall thickening

c. thickening of muscular media

d. fibrinoid necrosis

e. fibroelastic thickening of the intima

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.T   d.F   e.T
Fibrinoid necrosis is a feature of malignant (accelerated) hypertension. 

3. TNFa (tumour necrosis factor alpha): 

a. is produced by T lymphocytes

b. acts on the hypothalamus to produce fever

c. has an antiviral effect

d. causes hypertension

e. causes hypercoagulability

Answera.F  b.T  c.T  d.F  e.T
TNF alpha is produced by macrophages. It causes hypotension.

4. Epstein-Barr virus is implicated in the following cancer:

a. Burkitt's lymphoma

b. B cell lymphoma

c. Kaposi's sarcoma

d. T-cell leukaemia

e. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
 

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.F   d.F   e.T
HTLV-1 is responsible for T-cell leukaemia and HSV-8 for Kaposi's sarcoma..

5. Hard exudate in the retina :

a. is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus

b. is confined to the macula

c. is made up of lipid rich accumulation of plasma 
    protein

d. is located in the outer plexiform layer

e. can be removed with argon laser therapy
 

Answer
a.F   b.F  c.T  d.T   e.F
Hard exudate in the retina results from a breakdown of the blood retina barrier and can occurs in conditions like vein occlusion and Coat's disease. It can occurs in any parts of the retina. Argon laser therapy is used to 
stop vessel leakage and further hard exudate formation .

 

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