Test 131  (Pharmacology)

1.  Metformin:

a. is a biguanide

b. can cause lactic acidosis

c. causes anorexia and weight loss

d. causes hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic patient

e. is contraindicated in renal failure
 

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.T   d.F   e.T
Metformin is useful in obese patient with 
non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus 
uncontrolled with diet and sulfonylurea. 
It causes anorexia which is useful in obese 
diabetic patients. Lactic acidosis is the most
serious complications and is increase in renal, hepatic and cardiac failure.

2. Carbimazole:

a. decreases thyroid hormone synthesis

b. inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

c. causes neutropenia

d. should be stopped if causes rashes

e. decreases TSH production
 

Answer
a.T   b.F   c.T   d.F   e.F
Carbimazole unlike propylthiouracil does not 
inhibit conversion of T4 to T3. It causes neutropenia 
which may be life threatening. Rashes are common
and the drug needs not be stopped. TSH production
is increased due to decreased thyroid hormone secretion.

3. Chronic administration of glucocorticoids results in:

a. hypertension

b. hyperkalaemia

c. nuclear sclerosis

d. proximal myopathy

e. ocular hypertension
 

Answer
a.T   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.T
Hypokalaemia occurs due to aldosterone-like
effect. Posterior subcapsular cataract is 
a complication of prolonged glucocorticoid administration.

4. Adverse effects of cyclosporin include:

a. tremor

b. nephrotoxicity

c. hirsutism

d. hypokalaemia

e. nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance
 

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.T   d.F   e.T
It causes hyperkalaemia. The other complications include gum hypertrophy and hypertension.

5. Corticosteroid inhibits:

a. histamine release

b. leukotriene C4 and D4 synthesis

c. platelet thromboxane A2 synthesis

d. neutrophil production

e. lipocortin production 
 

Answer
a.T   b.T  c.F   d.F   e.F
Corticosteroid inhibits eicosanoid synthesis
in nucleated cells by increasing the production
of lipocortin. It also increases neutrophil count in peripheral blood.

 

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