Test 128  (Pathology)

1.  The following stages are involved in leukocyte movement into a site 
      of inflammation:

a. division

b. adhesion

c. phagocytosis

d. rolling

e. migration
 

Answer
a.F   b.T   c.F   d.T   e.T
Movement of leukocyte into a site of inflammation 
involves the following stages: rolling, loose adhesion, firm adhesion and migration.

2. The following are adhesion molecules found on the the endothelial 
    cell surface:

a. selectins

b. cytokines

c. integrins

d. vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

e. CD 54
 

Answer
a.T   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.T
Adhesion molecules expressed on the endothelial 
cell surface are of two main types:
a. selectin and
b. members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and these include: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 
(ICAM-1 or CD54) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2).
Integrins are ligands found on he surface of the neutrophils and monocytes which bind to the adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.

3. The following are true about the migration of leukocyte into the site 
    of inflammation:

a. involves the formation of pseudopodium made up of 
    peripheral cytoplasm

b. adhesion is necessary before migration can occur

c. involves actin filaments

d. cytochalasin inhibits leukocyte migration

e. in the case of macrophages involves ruffling
 

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.T   d.T   e.T
Adhesion occurs before migration. The neutrophils 
forms pseudopodia which is inserted between the 
endothelial cells and allows passage of the cells. The pseudopodia contains actin. Assembly of actin can be impaired by cytochalasin a fungal metabolite 
causing inhibition of the leukocyte movement. 
Ruffling occurs in macrophages during migration.

4. The following mediators of acute inflammation are derived from the 
     plasma:

a. complement

b. kinin

c. histamine

d. leukotriene

e. cytokines
 

Answer
a.T   b.T   c.F   d.F   e.F
Mediators derived from plasma are complement, 
kinin, clotting system and fibrinolytic system. The rest are derived from the cells.

5. Interleukin-1 (IL-1):

a. are derived mainly from the neutrophils

b. produces necrosis of tumour cell

c. increases the expression fo MHC-coded proteins

d. upregulates adhesion molecule

e. induces fever
 

Answer
a.F   b.F   c.F   d.T   e.T
Interluekin-1 is produced mainly by monocytes
and macrophages. Unlike tumour necrosis factor,
it does not produce tumour necrosis or increase
the expression of MHC-coded proteins. 
Locally, it upregulates adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells and systemically, it can induce fever 
and increases gluococorticoid systemic and release of prostaglandins, collagenase and acute-phase protein.

 

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