Test 116  (Ocular pharmacology)

1. The effects of direct-acting cholinergic agonists include: 

a. mydriasis

b. decrease in zonular tension

c. traction on peripheral retina

d. increase the depth of focus

e. increased outflow facility

Answera.F  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists such as pilocarpine causes miosis. Traction of peripheral retina occurs due to contraction of the ciliary body.
 

2. The following are true about the effects of topical adrenaline:

a. conjunctival fibrosis

b. melanosis of the conjunctiva

c. loss of effectiveness over time

d. reversible cystoid macular oedema in aphakes

e. reactive hyperaemia

Answera.T   b.F   c.T  d.T  e.T
Topical adrenaline causes adrenochrome deposits on the conjunctiva.

 
3. The effects of apraclonidine include:

a. conjunctival blanching

b. upper lid retraction

c. dry mouth

d. mydriasis

e. sour taste

Answera.T   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Apraclonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist.
.

4. Ptosis occurs with the following topical medications:

a. pilocarpine

b. guanethidine

c. thymoxamine

d. carbachol

e. dorzolamide

Answera.F  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.F
Ptosis occurs in guanethidine which blocks release of noradrenaline at the neuromuscular junction.
Thymoxamine which is an alpha receptor antagonist causes transient ptosis.

5. The following topical medications induce a myopic shift:

a. atropine

b. physostigmine 

c. pilocarpine

d. ecothiopate

e. apraclonidine

Answera.F   b.T  c.T  d.T  e.F
Stimulation of the muscarinic receptors by parasympathetic agonists such as physostigmine, pilocarpine and ecothipate causes ciliary spasm and induces accommodative myopia.

 
 

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