Test 111   (Pathology)

1. The following definitions are correct: 

a. hypoplasia - failure of a developing organ to reach its 
    full size

b. aplasia - failure of differentiation of an embryonic
    cell mass to organ-specific tissue

c. dysgenesis - failure of organization of tissue into an
    anatomically correct organ

d. agenesis - failure of formation of an embryonic mass

e. metaplasia - differentiation of a mature tissue into a 
    different mature tissue

Answera.T  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
 

2. Apoptosis causes:

a. activation of capase

b. local inflammatory response

c. phagocytosis of cell fragment  by local macrophages

d. condensation of chromatin

e. cleavage of chromatin by endonucleases

Answera.T   b.F   c.T   d.T  e.T
Capase refers to controlled elimination of cells.
Local inflammatory response does not occur in apoptosis.

 
3. Compared with benign tumours, neoplastic tumours show:

a. nuclear hyperchromatism

b. uniform cell mass

c. disproportionately large size nuclei relative to cell 
    cytoplasm

d. variable shape and size

e. high mitotic index

Answera.T   b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
Uniform cell mass is a feature of benign tumour.
.

4. Granulomatous inflammation:

a. is a type IV hypersensitivity response

b. shows dominant infiltration of tissue by plasma cells

c. contains epitheloid cells derived from tissue histiocytes

d. occurs in sarcoidosis

e. is a feature of mycobacterial infection
 

Answera.T  b.F  c.T  d.T  e.T
The dominant infiltrates in chronic inflammation are T cells and macrophages.

5. Following an injury to a peripheral nerve:

a. there is degeneration of axon and myelin proximal to 
    the damage

b. there is proliferation of Schwann cells in the distal cells

c. decreases antibody production to T-cell dependent 
    antigens

d. central chromatolysis is a feature

e. sprouting of axons occurs in the stump of proximal axon

Answera.F  b.T  c.T  d.T  e.T
Degeneration of axon and myelin occurs distal to the damage.
In central chromatolysis, the nerve cell body becomes swollen with nuclear enlargement and increased cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. 

 
 

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